Understanding the Divine Command: Interpretation of Verses 183 and 184 of Surah Al-Baqarah
The Qur’an, as the final revelation, serves as a comprehensive guide for our spiritual and practical lives. Within its sacred verses, Allah commands, instructs, and nurtures believers toward righteousness and self-discipline. Among these divine ordinances, fasting holds a central place in Islam. In Surah Al-Baqarah, verses 183 and 184 illuminate the significance of fasting, its purpose, and the divine wisdom behind it.
The Divine Command to Fast: A Legacy of Righteousness
“O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous.” (Al-Baqarah 2:183)
This verse establishes fasting (Sawm) as an obligation, not just for the Ummah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), but for the nations that came before. It highlights the universal nature of fasting across divine traditions, emphasizing its role in developing Taqwa (God-consciousness).
The core of fasting is not mere physical abstinence from food, drink, and desires but an exercise in spiritual refinement. It teaches patience, self-restraint, and gratitude, elevating the believer’s consciousness of Allah. The ultimate goal is to purify the soul, fostering sincerity in worship and awareness of divine presence.
The Mercy in Obligation: Consideration for Hardship
“[Fasting for] a limited number of days. So whoever among you is ill or on a journey [during them] – then an equal number of days [are to be made up]. And upon those who are able [to fast, but with hardship] – a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person [each day]. And whoever volunteers excess – it is better for him. But to fast is best for you, if you only knew.” (Al-Baqarah 2:184)
This verse demonstrates the balance between obligation and mercy in Islam. Allah acknowledges the diverse conditions of people and grants concessions to those facing legitimate difficulties.
- The sick and travelers: They are permitted to delay their fasts and compensate for them later when their circumstances allow.
- Those who face extreme hardship: Individuals who cannot fast due to chronic illness or frailty are allowed to offer Fidya (ransom), which involves feeding a needy person per missed fast. Read more about Fidya (ransom) and how to pay Fidya.
- The encouragement to fast: Despite these allowances, Allah emphasizes that fasting is inherently better, reinforcing its spiritual and physical benefits.
The concept of Fidya showcases Islam’s compassion, ensuring that no believer is burdened beyond their capacity. This provision upholds the principle of ease in Islamic law, a fundamental characteristic of divine legislation.
The Connection Between Fasting, Charity, and Taqwa
These verses intertwine fasting with charity and righteousness. The Qur’an repeatedly reminds us that acts of worship extend beyond personal devotion—they should manifest in social responsibility. By encouraging Fidya and voluntary charity, Allah nurtures a spirit of generosity, ensuring that the less fortunate benefit from the wealth of others.
Furthermore, fasting itself cultivates a deep sense of empathy for the needy. Depriving ourselves of food and drink, even for a limited period, allows us to grasp the struggles of the less privileged. This heightened awareness fosters a charitable attitude, inspiring believers to contribute generously, whether through Fidya, Zakat, or Sadaqah. You can read our charity programs for Ramadan 2025.
The Link Between These Verses and Other Fasting-Related Commandments
The Qur’an provides a comprehensive framework for fasting in subsequent verses:
- Verse 185 of Surah Al-Baqarah elaborates on the significance of Ramadan, revealing that the Qur’an was sent down in this blessed month and reaffirming the fasting guidelines.
- Verse 187 of Surah Al-Baqarah clarifies permissible actions during the night of fasting, emphasizing the balance between spiritual dedication and human needs.
- Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:89) discusses expiation (Kaffarah) for breaking an oath, which also involves fasting as a means of atonement.
This structured approach ensures that fasting is not just a ritual but a transformative journey, enriching our faith and character.
The Wisdom Behind Fasting and Fidya: A Path to Spiritual Elevation
Fasting is not just about refraining from food and drink—it is about refining one’s inner self. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized that fasting is a shield from sin, an opportunity for purification, and a path to earning Allah’s pleasure.
Fidya, on the other hand, upholds the principle of inclusivity in worship. Those unable to fast are not excluded from the spiritual rewards of Ramadan. By feeding the needy, they still partake in the blessings of the holy month, reinforcing the interconnectedness of the Ummah.
A Divine Gift of Mercy and Discipline
The verses of Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183-184) encapsulate the wisdom of fasting as a means to attain righteousness and divine closeness. They also reflect Islam’s inherent mercy by accommodating those who struggle with fasting. Through this balance of discipline and compassion, Allah teaches us that devotion is not just about rituals but about cultivating a heart that is mindful of Him and compassionate toward His creation.
As Ramadan approaches, let us internalize these lessons. Whether through fasting, Fidya, or increased acts of charity, we have an opportunity to elevate our spirituality, strengthen our bond with Allah, and contribute to the well-being of our Muslim brothers and sisters. May Allah accept our worship and grant us the ability to embody the true essence of fasting. Ameen.
