The ruling of paying charity in advance, with the intention of distributing it over a period of time
This is a matter that has been discussed by many scholars of Islam, and there are different opinions and evidences for it.
Some scholars say that it is permissible to pay charity(Sadaqah) in advance, as long as the intention is clear and sincere, and the amount is known and fixed. They argue that this is similar to the case of paying Zakat (obligatory charity) in advance, which is allowed by some evidences from the Quran and the Sunnah (the teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him). They also cite some examples from the companions of the Prophet (may Allah be pleased with them), who used to pay charity in advance for certain causes or occasions. For instance, Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to pay Sadaqat Al-Fitr (charity given at the end of Ramadan) for those who would come after him.” (Sunan Abi Dawud: 1609). This means that he paid it before the due time, with the intention of covering those who would join his household later.
Other scholars say that it is not permissible to pay charity in advance, unless there is a valid reason or necessity for doing so. They argue that charity should be given at the time when it is due, and not before or after, as this is more beneficial for the recipients and more rewarding for the donors. They also cite some evidences from the Quran and the Sunnah that indicate that charity should be given promptly and without delay. For example, Allah (swt) says: “And do not keep your hand chained to your neck nor open it completely, lest you sit blameworthy and insolvent.” (Surah Al-Isra: 17:29). This means that one should not be stingy or extravagant in giving charity, but rather moderate and balanced. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also said: “Hasten to do good deeds before you are overtaken by one of the seven afflictions.” Then he mentioned death, poverty, disease, etc. (Sahih Muslim: 118).
Therefore, based on these opinions and evidences, it seems that the best and safest option is to pay charity at the time when it is due, unless there is a valid reason or necessity for paying it in advance. This way, one can ensure that one fulfills one’s obligation properly and sincerely, and avoids any doubt or dispute. However, if one has already paid charity in advance, with a clear and sincere intention, then one should hope for Allah’s acceptance and reward, and not worry about it too much. Allah (swt) knows best what is in our hearts and what we do.
